Arguments from observation - cosmological argument

Which of Aquinas' ways relates to the unmoved mover?

• the second way

• the third way

• the fourth way

• the first way

What is natural theology?

• things like religious experiences, scripture and prayer

• God can be proved with nature

What is revealed theology?

• God can be proved with nature

• religious experience, scripture and prayer

In what book did Aquinas discuss cosmological arguments?

• Summa Theologico

• Summa Theologici

• Summa Theologica

• Summa Theologique

Which of Aristotle's ways relates to the uncaused causer?

• the first way

• the second way

• the third way

• the fourth way

Which of Aquinas' ways relates to the contingency and necessity?

• the first way

• the second way

• the third way

• the fourth way

Summarize Aquinas' first way

• actuality vs potentiality - all things that are moved are moved by something else, this idea of movement cannot go on for infinity as that would be illogical, so there must be a first mover - this unmoved mover must be God

• nothing can be its own efficient cause, we cannot go back to infinity - therefore there must be a special case, a first cause that is not itself caused - this uncaused causer is God

• there are things that are possible to be and not to be, if we trace back there must be a point where nothing existed - but then nothing comes from nothing. therefore there must be a type of being that is not contingent - a necessary being, there must a being with its own necessity - this being we call God.

Summarize Aquinas' second way

• actuality vs potentiality - all things that are moved are moved by something else, this idea of movement cannot go on for infinity as that would be illogical, so there must be a first mover - this unmoved mover must be God

• nothing can be its own efficient cause, we cannot go back to infinity - therefore there must be a special case, a first cause that is not itself caused - this uncaused causer is God

• there are things that are possible to be and not to be, if we trace back there must be a point where nothing existed - but then nothing comes from nothing. therefore there must be a type of being that is not contingent - a necessary being, there must a being with its own necessity - this being we call God.

Summarize Aquinas' third way

• actuality vs potentiality - all things that are moved are moved by something else, this idea of movement cannot go on for infinity as that would be illogical, so there must be a first mover - this unmoved mover must be God

• nothing can be its own efficient cause, we cannot go back to infinity - therefore there must be a special case, a first cause that is not itself caused - this uncaused causer is God

• there are things that are possible to be and not to be, if we trace back there must be a point where nothing existed - but then nothing comes from nothing. therefore there must be a type of being that is not contingent - a necessary being, there must a being with its own necessity - this being we call God.

What are David Hume's issues with Aquinas' second way?

• We assume there is a relationship between cause and effect but their may not be. If i push my sister over at the same time her blood sugar levels drops and she faints, we assume that the fainting is because she was pushed but it wasn't

• Fallacy of composition - just because things within the universe can be explained through causes doesn't mean there is a cause for the universe as a whole - gives the example of the twenty particles - if you find an explanation for each particle individually it would be wrong to seek an explanation for the whole collection

• All of the above