Unit 7: Enlightenment, Abs Monarchs & Revolutions

Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?

• Technology and science were considered unimportant

• A new questioning spirit and attitude emerged

• The use of reason and logic was discouraged

• Feudalism became the dominant political system

The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on what?

• Laws of nature and reason

• The concept of divine right of kings

• Fundamental religious beliefs

• Traditional values

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support what?

• The right of citizens to decide the best form of government

• A government ruled by a divine right monarchy

• A return to feudalism in Europe

• A society ruled by the Catholic Church

Most of the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau were associated with________.

• The establishment of colonial empires by strong European nations

• The beginnings of the Spanish Inquisition

• British legislation that improved working conditions in factories

• Political reforms that ended the absolute monarchy in France

“I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.” - Which Enlightenment thinker is credited with the statement above, which promotes free speech?

• Diderot

• Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

“Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.” -Lord Acton, British historian

Which individual would most likely agree with the quote above?

• John Locke

• Louis XIV

• Joseph Stalin

• Nicollo Machiavelli

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both ________.

• Had the support of the Roman Catholic Church

• Placed great value on traditional beliefs

• Emphasized the value of human reasoning

• Contributed to the end of feudalism

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government officials], there can be no liberty; because apprehensions [fears] may arise, les the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner…”

-Baron de Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws

Which solution would Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

• Reinstating absolute monarchies

• Granting freedom of speech

• Limiting natural laws

• Separating the branches of government

According to this Enlightenment thinker’s book The Social Contract, citizens give their consent to let the government rule was developed by __________.

• Hobbes

• Wollstonecraft

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

Which of these best describes an absolute ruler in Europe between 1500 and 1800 CE?

• they were always military leaders

• they claimed “divine right” and had almost complete authority

• they were elected by the lower house of a parliamentary body

• their powers were restricted by law