Byzantines, Middle Ages and Crusades

Constantinople became the "New Rome" as a city. It was a great location mainly because of:

• its vital trade routes and markets

• its tradition of conquering neighboring territories

• its proximity to the old Roman capital

• all the skilled people who lived there

One of emperor Justinian's major accomplishments during his rule over the Byzantine empire was:

• Created roads and major palaces

• conquered the Germanic tribes to reclaim Rome

• Establish a set of civil laws known as Justinian's code

• advances in science and engineering

Serf's were

• legally tied to the manor and couldn't leave
• lords of the manor
• special knights used for naval battles
• young peasants who wanted to become knights

Which event, more than any other, signified the beginning of the "dark ages" in Europe

• The collapse of the Roman Empire
• The Bubonic Plague
• The Crusades
• The development of towns

Which of the following is the term that describes the land given to a knight for his service?

• serf
• fief
• vassal
• Fealty

Individual who launched the First Crusade with his speech at the Council of Clermont, France.

• Pope Leo III

• Charlemagne

• Pope Urban II

• Charles Martel

Europe became a feudal society because...

• the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.
• Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
• overpopulation required that a more efficient agricultural system be developed.
• skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.

The strategic location of the Byzantine Empire allowed control of the key trade routes between the

• South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca

• Caspian Sea and the Indian Ocean

• North Sea and the English Channel

• Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

The term feudalism is best defined as a

• holy war between Christians and Muslims

• process in which goods are traded for other goods

• division of political power between three separate branches

• system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty

True of False: the majority of the Crusades were very successful in capturing the Holy Land.

• True
• False