#2 Vocabulary, The Art of Argument, Lucy Calkins

loaded language

• refers to words, phrases, and overall language that have a double meaning or a hidden meaning
• when foreign phrases are used in order to sound important
• common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument.
• refers to words, phrases, and overall language that triggers a strong emotional response from the reader or listener.

logical fallacies

• an emotional reaction because of a misunderstanding of what someone is saying
• a type of uncommon or unique mistake in reasoning
• common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument.
• disconnections between correct evidence and strong reasons

mood

• a formal way of speaking or writing
• amount of attention you pay to arguments depends on your emotional state
• an emotional reaction because of a misunderstanding of what someone is saying
• when an argument is weak because the writer did not get a good night's sleep

paraphrasing

• to use a source in your own writing without directly quoting source material. It requires a citation
• summarizing an article to make your argument stronger
• dropping a quote into our writing for emotional affect
• to use a source in your own writing without directly quoting source material. It does not require a citation.

plagiarism

• is okay if stealing someone else's work was an accident
• is not possible if you use quotation marks
• isn't possible as long as you don't use too much of someone else's work
• involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward

position

• finding one piece of evidence that will help persuade an audience
• taking a stand that is not popular with others in your class
• sitting forward and leaning slightly to show you are paying attention
• effectively developing an argument in favor of a claim, in order to persuade an audience.

rebuttal

• arguing with your teacher over where you'll sit in class
• taking a stand that is not popular with others in your class
• defeating someone’s counterargument
• adding an extra reason to make your argument stronger

reliability

• the information’s level of trustworthiness based on information about the author and the publisher
• refers to words, phrases, and overall language that have a double meaning or a hidden meaning
• the information’s level of trustworthiness based on how it makes you feel when you read it
• information that comes from a trusted source that you know personally

rhetoric

• a technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. 
• language that pretends to say one thing when it means another
• language that is too overused to make a strong argument
• a technique of using language that questions the reliability of a piece of information

rhetorical devices

• words and phrases that hide the true meaning of the speaker or writer
• are literary elements used to convince or persuade audiences using logos, pathos, and ethos.
• language that is too overused to make a strong argument
• devices that trap the speaker into a language "jail"