Which of the following combinations of elements make up over 90% of living things?

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

carbon, oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen

phosphorous, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

sulfur, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous

The nucleus contains DNA. Which statement BEST describes how DNA controls the working of the cell?

It helps in energy transformation.

It regulates traffic in and out of the cell.

A DNA strand contains codons, which consist of a sequence of three nucleotides. Which BEST describes the importance of codons found in the sequence of DNA?

They are used to assemble amino acids for protein synthesis.

They contain the code for messenger RNA.

They signal the start of mitotic cell division.

They ensure proper replication of the genetic code.

What characteristic of double-stranded DNA determines the ability of one strand to make an exact copy of the other strand?

hydrogen bonding between strands

ability of bases to be connected in any order

location of the base pairs in the center of helix

In living things, smaller substances are linked to make up larger substances. Which of the following correctly describes a larger substance made by linking smaller substances?

Nucleotides are linked to make up DNA.

Amino acids are linked to make up DNA.

Proteins are linked to make up nucleotides.

Nucleic acids are linked to make up proteins.

Which describes the composition of carbohydrates?

saccharides bonding to form polysaccharides

lipids bonding to form phospholipids

monomers bonding to form polymers

amino acids bonding to form polypeptides

Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the MOST likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?

to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body

to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production

to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy

to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body

This is a nucleotide. Using the diagram, identify the parts of a DNA nucleotide.

A: phosphate group. B: deoxyribose sugar. C: nitrogenous base

A; phosphate group. B. ribose sugar. C: nitrogenous base

A: phosphate group. B: nitrogenous base. C: deoxyribose

A: phosphate group. B: nitrogenous base. C: ribose sugar

The diagram shows two large carbohydrate molecules made by plants. Humans can use starch as an energy source, but are unable to use cellulose for energy. Which of the following BEST explains the difference in how these molecules are processed in the body?

Humans make an enzyme to digest starch but cannot digest cellulose.

Humans can chew starch but cannot chew cellulose.

Humans dissolve starch in blood plasma but cannot dissolve cellulose.

Human muscle cells can absorb starch but cannot absorb cellulose.

Illustration 1 shows sugar that has formed a bond by the action of an enzyme. Illustration 2 shows the enzyme, and Illustration 3 shows the enzyme after the addition of heat. How does the addition of heat affect the ability of an enzyme to help the sugar molecules form a bond?

Heat changes the enzyme so that the sugar molecules can no longer bond.

Heat allows the sugar molecules to bond more quickly.

Heat provides places on the enzyme for other molecules to bond.

Heat changes the chemical composition of the sugar molecules so they no longer need the enzyme.

After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?

catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose

bind glucose molecules to each other

evaluate the energy content of the glucose

transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus

Some individuals are unable to digest the lactose found in the milk of cows. The digestive systems of these individuals MOST likely lack which?

an enzyme that catalyzes lactose breakdown

a lipid that coats lactose molecules

an ability to produce lactose internally

a tolerance to lactose developed during childhood

Pepsin is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. The graph shows the effect of pH on pepsin activity. Which BEST describes the data shown in the graph?

Pepsin functions best in acidic environments.

Pepsin activity is least effective in low pH environments.

Pepsin remains very active over a broad range of pH values.

Pepsin is more active at high pH values than at low pH values.

There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?

An enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.

Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm.

Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.

Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes.

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?

transmission of genetic material

acceleration of chemical reaction

transport of molecules across membranes

Macromolecules and Enzymes

Authored by Colin Barnes

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 49+ times

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61 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. Which functional group in the amino acid determines its specific shape and function?

R group

amino group

carboxyl group

hydroxyl group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What shape does the molecule in the image have?

linear

tetrahedral

double helix

single helix

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Coal is a natural material, formed from ancient organic compounds. Which element is LEAST likely to be found in a sample of coal?

carbon

hydrogen

silver

nitrogen

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?

Helium

hydrogen

mercury

tin

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules?

calcium

magnesium

oxygen

silicon

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Proteins are compounds formed in the cells of plants and animals. Which element is included in every protein molecule?

calcium

carbon

fluorine

sodium

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of these elements is found in the greatest amount in organisms?

carbon

iron

lead

neon

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Macromolecules and Enzymes

Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. Which functional group in the amino acid determines its specific shape and function?

What shape does the molecule in the image have?

Coal is a natural material, formed from ancient organic compounds. Which element is LEAST likely to be found in a sample of coal?

Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?

Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules?

Proteins are compounds formed in the cells of plants and animals. Which element is included in every protein molecule?

Which of these elements is found in the greatest amount in organisms?

Which of the following combinations of elements make up over 90% of living things?

The nucleus contains DNA. Which statement BEST describes how DNA controls the working of the cell?

Living cells synthesize long chains of amino acids called proteins. Which substance provides the information needed to correctly sequence the amino acids during protein synthesis?

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