6th Chapter 9 Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Most of the volcanic activity on Earth occurs

• along mid-ocean ridges

• along transform plate boundaries

• at hot spots

• within the crust

At a divergent plate boundary such as a mid-ocean ridge, you should expect to find

• low viscosity lava and normal faults

• low viscosity lava and reverse faults

• high viscosity lava and normal faults

• high viscosity lava and reverse faults

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High energy earthquakes occur

• away from plate boundaries

• away from divergent plate boundaries

• on convergent plate boundaries

• on transform plate boundaries

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Large and explosive volcanic eruptions such as the one shown below, can change climate because

• ash and gas that erupt high into the atmosphere can reflect sunlight

• the magma that erupts is hot

• volcanic ash keeps Earth from losing its heat

• volcanic mountains block solar radiation

What is an earthquake?

• a fault at a convergent plate boundary

• a wave of water in the crust

• energy released as rocks break and move along a fault

• the elastic strain stored in rocks

Approximately how much more ground motion is recorded on a seismogram from a magnitude 6 earthquake compared to a magnitude 4 earthquake?

• 10 times more

• 50 times more

• 100 times more

• 1,000 times more

The figure below shows the Hawaiian Islands, formed by a hot spot. Which island is the oldest?

• Hawaii

• Kauai

• Maui

• Oahu

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A lag-time graph illustrates the relationship between the time it takes a seismic wave to travel from the earthquake epicenter to a seismometer and the

• distance between the earthquake and the seismometer

• earthquake intensity

• earthquake magnitude

• size of the fault

Which can show the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

• a lag-time graph

• the Modified Mercalli scale

• the moment magnitude scale

• the Richter magnitude scale

The location of an earthquake can be determined from seismic data recorded by at least

• one seismometer

• two seismometers

• three seismometers

• five seismometers