Component 2: Checkpoint 1

Which of the following is not part of the definition of experiments?

• Confounding varaibles are controlled

• There are at least two levels of independent variable

• A dependent variable is measured

• Causal conclusions can be drawn

Which of these options best describes the scientific method?

• Form a hypothesis > Observe > Testing > Measurement > Conclusion

• Testing > Observe > Form a hypothesis > Measurement > Conclusion

• Observe > Testing > For a hypothesis > Measurement > Conclusion

• Observe > Form a hypothesis > Testing > Measurement > Conclusion

What is the term used for making sure a variable is in a form that can be specifically measured?

"It is predicted that there will be a significant difference in the scores on the anxiety self-rating scale between participants who do regular exercise compared with those who do not exercise regularly."

What type of hypothesis is this an example of?

• Null hypothesis

• Alternative non-directional hypothesis

• Alternative directional hypothesis

Complete the end of this null hypothesis:

"There will be no significant difference in IQ scores between people who like cats compared with people who like dogs..."

What is a counfounding variable?

• A variable other than the independent variable that could cause a change in the dependent variable

• A variable other than the independent variable that needs to be measured

• A variable other than the independent variable that has caused a change in the dependent variable

• A variable other than the dependent variable that has caused a change in the independent variable

Why is it important to have a high level of internal validity in an experiment?

• So that we can estabilsh cause and effect

• So that we can generalise the results

• So that we remove demand characteristics

• So that we have control over the variables

Name one of the 3 types of external validity we have looked at so far?

What is the term that describes the extent to which the procedures in an experiment mirror those we would come across in the real world?

What two aspects of a study is external validity associated with?

• Generalisability & replicability

• Control & realism

• Generalisability & realism

• Control & replicability