PSY-260 QUIZ 4 v1 MJH

1. When interrogating experiments, on which of the big validities should a person focus?

• Internal validity
• External validity
• Construct validity
• Statistical validity

2. Which of the following cannot be found in a one-group, pretest/posttest design?

• A random sample
• A valid measure
• A comparison group
• A manipulation

3. Observer bias can threaten which of the following big validities?

• Internal validity and construct validity
• External validity and construct validity
• Internal validity and external validity
• Internal validity only

4. Dr. Morimoto is curious as to whether exposing people to violent video games causes them to be more aggressive. He assigns half his participants to play a video game for five minutes and the other half to play for seven minutes. He finds that there is no relationship between playing the game longer and being more aggressive. What might be to blame for this null effect?

• A weak manipulation
• An insensitive measure
• A reverse confound
• Ceiling effect

5. Dr. Sanderson is curious as to whether exposing people to violent video games causes them to be more aggressive. She assigns half her participants to play a violent video game for 5 minutes and the other half to play the same game for 25 minutes. Afterward, she has them play a board game and has a well-trained coder determine whether they are very aggressive in their playing style, barely aggressive, or not at all aggressive. She finds that a vast majority of her participants, regardless of group assignment, are rated as very aggressive. This outcome would be known as a/an:

• Weak manipulation
• Ceiling effect
• Floor effect
• Outlier

6. A confound that keeps a researcher from finding a relationship between two variables is known as a/an:

• Weak confound
• Insensitive confound
• Null confound
• Reverse confound

7. Unsystematic variability in a study is also known as:

• Error variance
• Null effect
• Group inconsistency
• Situational variability

8. Testing threats involve ________ whereas instrumentation threats involve ________.

• Researchers; participants
• Participants; measurements
• Independent variables; dependent variables
• Within-groups; between groups

9. When a double-blind study is not possible, an acceptable alternative may be a ________.

• A matched groups design
• A within-groups design
• Use of a control group
• A masked design

10. What are the two main reasons to conduct a factorial study?

• To increase internal validity and to establish external validity
• To compare participant variables and to establish covariance
• To find moderators and to find mediators
• To test limits and to test theories