AP Bio Review 2020: Mutations, Biotechnology, and Microbes

Choose all of the following that are correct regarding how mutations can occur:

• DNA is damaged and cannot be repaired or is repaired incorrectly

• DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase make a mistake during replication or transcription

• They can occur due to chemicals and radiation

• A mutation in a single skin cell will cause all skin cells to have this mutation.

• A mutation in a gamete will cause all cells to have that mutation

What type of mutation causes a single nucleotide base to be substituted for another?

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Non-disjunction

• Transposition

There are many types of point mutations. Which mutation causes the original codon to become a stop codon, resulting in the early termination of protein synthesis?

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

There are many types of point mutations. Which mutation causes the original codon to be altered and produce a different amino acid?

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

There are many types of point mutations. Which mutation causes a change in a codon, but it still creates the same amino acid and therefore does not change the corresponding protein sequence?

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

Some mutations cause gene rearrangements - meaning that the coding strand is vastly different from the original. Which type of mutation will result in the gain of a nucleotide or gene?

• Insertions

• Deletions

• Duplications

• Inversions

• Translocations

Some mutations cause gene rearrangements - meaning that the coding strand is vastly different from the original. Which type of mutation will result in the loss of a nucleotide or gene?

• Insertions

• Deletions

• Duplications

• Inversions

• Translocations

Some mutations cause gene rearrangements - meaning that the coding strand is vastly different from the original. Which type of mutation will result in the an extra copy of genes already present in the chromosome?

• Insertions

• Deletions

• Duplications

• Inversions

• Translocations

Some mutations cause gene rearrangements - meaning that the coding strand is vastly different from the original. Which type of mutation will cause a change in the orientation of the chromosomal regions (if they were flipped, for instance)

• Insertions

• Deletions

• Duplications

• Inversions

• Translocations

Some mutations cause gene rearrangements - meaning that the coding strand is vastly different from the original. Which type of mutation occurs when two different chromosomes break and rejoin in a way that causes the DNA sequence or gene to be lost, repeated, or interrupted?

• Insertions

• Deletions

• Duplications

• Inversions

• Translocations