Chapter 11 Interactions between Microbes and Humans

The term infection refers to

• pathogens penetrating host defenses.

• microorganisms colonizing the body.

• contact with microorganisms.

• contact with pathogens.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

• during and immediately after birth.

• before birth, in utero.

• when a child first goes to school.

• when an infant gets its first infectious disease.

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called

• microbial antagonism

• endogenous infection.

• infectious disease.

• axenic.

Opportunistic pathogens

• cause disease in compromised individuals.

• cause disease in every individual.

• are always pathogens.

• have well-developed virulence factors.

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called

• true pathogens.

• opportunistic pathogens.

• normal biota.

• indigenous biota.

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

• strong, healthy body

• genetic defects in immunity

• physical and mental stress

• chemotherapy

The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the

• respiratory system.

• gastrointestinal system.

• urinary system.

• skin.

The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the

• infectious dose.

• virulence factor.

• indigenous biota.

• minimal dose.

Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

• phagocytosis

• adhesion

• encapsulation

• exocytosis

The suffix -emia means

• blood.

• a disease or morbid process.

• an inflammation.

• tumor.