When the diaphragm contracts:

• the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the pressure decreases, causing air to rush into the lungs.

• the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the pressure increases causing air to rush out of the lungs.

Which of the following is the correct order in which air would flow during inspiration?

• alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles

• bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles

• bronchi, brochioles, alveoli

• bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli

The exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli is:

• internal respiration

• pulmonary ventilation

• external respiration

• pulmonary perfusion

Tidal volume is the:

• volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

• maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiratory effort

• total volume of exchangeable air in the lungs

• volume of air inhaled or exhaled during quiet breathing

The process of gas exchange with the blood occurs in the:

• bronchi

• bronchioles

• alveoli

• ventricles

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood and from the blood to the tissues occurs via the process of:

• osmosis

• diffusion

• phagocytosis

• cytokinesis

The bronchial circulation of the lungs:

• supplies oxygenated blood to all lung tissue except alveoli

• delivers deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries surrounding the alveoli

• conveys the freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Surfactant:

• decreases the surface tension of fluid in the alveoli

• increases the energy required to keep the lungs inflated

• makes the lungs tend to collapse

• traps foreign particles that enter the lungs

In obstructive pulmonary diseases there is a decrease in airflow due to an increase in:

Type II alveolar cells:

• allow equalisation of air pressure between alveoli

• produce surfactant that prevents alveoli from collapsing during exhalation

• are the main cell of the alveolar wall

• roam the inner surface of the alveoli to digest any stray debris or microorganisms