Macroevolution and Speciation

A bumble bee has just enough weight to open up the snapdragon flower and get the nectar/pollen inside.  Other insects cannot do this. This adaption is an example of........

• convergent evolution
• co-evolution
• divergent evolution
• speciation

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Which best describes punctuated equilibrium?

• Speciation occurs due to natural selection

• Speciation occurs due to isolation

• Speciation occurs slowly in geologic time, followed by long periods with very fast evolutionary change.

• Speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly in geologic time, followed by long periods with little evolutionary change.

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The large-scale events of speciation are called...

• macroevolution

• simplification

• adaptation

• microevolution

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Which of the following lines of evidence shows that whales are descended from a land-dwelling, four-legged ancestor?

• Whales have bone structures in their forelimbs and pelvis that are similar to those of terrestrial mammals

• Whale embyros have similar structure to embryos of land-dwelling mammals, birds, and reptiles.

• An analysis of DNA shows that whales' closest living relatives are hippopotamuses.

• A, B, and C

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of mutations in evolution

• Mutations are the raw material for evolution, but most mutations do not result in evolution.

• Most mutations result in a species becoming more dangerous or aggressive.

• An organisms can decide to mutate if the environment makes a mutation necessary for survival.

• Mutations are almost always beneficial for an individual.

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During microevolution, a(n) __________________ will become more or less common within a population.

• species

• allele

• ribosome

• fossil

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Which of the following is required for a population to diverge into two separate species?

• The two populations must have evolved different physical appearances.

• The two populations must have mutated at least 10 times.

• The two populations must have become reproductively isolated.

• The two populations must have evolved analogous structures.

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The palmarus longus tendon, pictured here, no longer serves a purpose in humans, but provides evidence of our species descendance from tree-dwelling ancestors. The palmarus longus tendon is an example of:

• a vestigial structure

• a homologous structure

• bipedalism

• convergent evolution

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Which of the following means "genetic changes in a species over time"

• natural selection

• speciation

• evolution

• fitness

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A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation

• Sympatric

• Allopatric

• Extreme

• Convergent

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