Drug Discovery and Development

What fungi was used by Fleming to create an antibiotic?

• Penicillin

• Penicilin

• Penicillium

• Penicilium

What is another word for testing if a drug is effective?

• Effectiveness

• Efficacy

• Reliable

• Ethical

What does the first stage of drug testing involve

• preclinical trials- animal testing

• preclinical trials- testing on cells and tissues

• clinical trials- testing on healthy volunteers

• clinical trials- testing on patients with the disease

What is the purpose of the first stage of drug testing?

• To test for toxicity

• To test for efficacy

• To test for dosage

• To test for drug interactions

Many drugs fail the first stage of testing

• True

• False

We can't test on patients straight after testing on cells and tissues because it does not show the effect of the drug on the whole ______

What is the purpose of animal testing? Tick all that apply

• Test for toxicity

• Test for efficacy

• Test for reliability

• Test for efficacy

• Peer review

After animal testing, the drug is then

• tested on patients with the disease first

• tested on healthy volunteers first

• reported and peer reviewed

• tested on human cells and tissues

What is the purpose of clinical trials (using people)? Tick all that apply

• Testing for efficacy (is the drug effective at treating disease)

• Drug interaction (how the drug behaves when the patient needs to take multiple medications)

• Toxicity and side effects- is it safe? Side effects must be of minimal harm

• Dosage- the concentration fo the drug and how often it should be administered

• Testing for reliability

What is the purpose of a placebo?

• To act as an experimental control

• To show the effects of the real drug

• To avoid false claims

• To avoid animal testing

• The placebo effect