Apologia Biology Module 5 Vocabulary

Phosphorylation

• The transfer of energy when a phosphate group is moved between molecules

• The transfer of energy when a nitrate group is moved between molecules

• A cellular process producing ATP without oxygen

• A cellular process producing ATP with oxygen

Pigment

• An organic compound that absorbs specific light wavelengths producing color

• An organic compound that reflects specific light wavelengths producing color

• An inorganic compound that absorbs specific light wavelengths producing color

• An inorganic compound that reflects white light

Chlorophyll

• A group of yellow, orange, and red pigments necessary for photosynthesis

• A group of pigments found in animal cells that is necessary for photosynthesis

• A group of pigments found in green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is necessary for photosynthesis

• A group of pigments found in green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is necessary for aerobic respiration

Stroma

• Gel-like fluid that holds organelles in place

• Gel-like fluid that is excreted from a cell through a secretory vesicle

• Gel-like fluid inside the nucleus of a plant cell

• Gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts

Thylakoid

• Disk-shaped sac suspended in the cytoplasm of the golgi apparatus where light reactions of photosynthesis take place

• Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of the mitochondria where light reactions of photosynthesis take place

• Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts where anaerobic respiration takes place

• Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts where light reactions of photosynthesis take place

Grana

• Stacks of thylakoids

• Stacks of chloroplasts

• Stacks of yellow, orange, and red pigments

• Stacks of green pigments

photosystem

• A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules that absorb light energy

• A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules that reflect light energy

• A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules that create infrared light

• A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules that absorb water and nutrients for the plant

Electron Transport Chain

• A series of electron carrying molecules outside of a membrane that transfer electrons and release energy at each transfer

• A series of proton carrying molecules within a membrane that transfer protons and release energy at each transfer

• A series of electron carrying molecules within a membrane that transfer electrons and release energy at each transfer

• A series of proton carrying molecules outside of a membrane that transfer protons and release energy at each transfer

Aerobic

• without hydrogen

• requiring hydrogen

• without oxygen

• requiring oxygen

Anaerobic

• without oxygen

• without hydrogen

• requiring oxygen

• requiring hydrogen