Homeostasis pre-assessment

Some processes that occur in a cell are listed below.

A. utilize energy

B. detect changes in the environment

C. Create offspring through sexual reproduction

Which processes will all living organisms use to maintain homeostasis?

• A and B, only

• B and C, only

• C and A, only

• A, B, and C

Which activity can occur without the use of energy?

• contraction of muscle tissue

• protein synthesis in a cell

• active transport of minerals

• movement of water across a membrane

Contractile vacuoles are organelles that maintain water balance by pumping excess water out of some single-celled pond organisms. In humans, the kidney is an organ chiefly involved in maintaining water balance. These facts best illustrate that

• tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in all living things

• structures found in single-celled organisms can act in a manner similar to tissues and organs in multicellular organisms

• a disruption in a body system may disrupt the homeostasis of a single-celled organism

• interference with nerve signals disrupts cellular communication and homeostasis within organisms

Which statement best describes a change that usually takes place in the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise?

• More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.

• Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate.

• The rate of digestion increases.

• No hormones are produced.

 $A\ person\ exercises\ and\ body\ temperature\ increases.\longrightarrow Small\ blood\ vessels\ near\ the\ surface\ of\ the\ skin\ increase\ in\ diameter.\longrightarrow Body\ temperature\ decreases.$ The diagram above represents an activity that occurs in the human body.

This diagram best illustrates

• active transport

• synthesis of nutrients

• maintenance of homeostasis

• differentiation

Sweating is a process that helps cool the body during strenuous exercise. This is an example of

• recycling of gases

• cellular respiration

• gene malfunction

• a feedback mechanism

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below

Which statement is best supported by the graph?

• Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

• After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120; two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.

• While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150; before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

• Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140.

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below

Students in a different science class carried out the same experiment. The data they obtained did not support the hypothesis that increased exercise results in increased heart rate. The most scientifically sound way to deal with this situation is to

• write a new hypothesis

• read about pulse rate in a biology textbook

• have the students in both classes vote to decide which hypothesis is correct

• ask students in a third class to do the experiment and see if their results support the hypothesis

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below

The change in heart rate that occurs between 1 and 5 minutes of exercise is an adaptation that

• reduces the rate at which oxygen is carried to the muscle cells

• increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is carried to the muscle cells

• results in the production of more ATP in muscle cells

• slows the destruction of enzymes involved in respiration of muscle cells

The diagram represents the effect of two chemical substances, A and B, in maintaining the level of glucose in the blood in humans.

The interaction of substances A and B is an example of

• a genetic mutation

• homeostatic feedback

• an immune response

• active transport