Decribes OM as the development, execution, and maintenance of effective processes related to activities done over and over, or to one-time major projects, to achieve specific goals of the organization.

• Anderson, Anderson &Parker ,2013)

• Johnston 1994: 21

Defined OM as is a body of knowledge, experience and techniques covering such topics as process design, layout, production planning, inventory control, quality management and control, capacity planning and workforce management’

• Johnston

• Stevenson

Hospitality MPOs job shops include

• table-service restaurant

• a la carte restaurant

Identified that a hotel as a largely a CPO

• Jones 1994

• Brown et.al

1. refers to a single, fixed position at which the product is assembled or service is processed by workers who move to that position to carry out their work.

• Process Layout

• Fixed Position

Has machinery dedicated to a particular product, usually laid out in a sequence, with distinct stages in manufacture. Workers are usually required to perform relatively simple tasks at one particular stage in the process.

• Fixed Position

• Product Lay-out

has machines or activities grouped together non-sequentially to allow a range of different products to be made. Products move to a particular location for processing according to need.

• Process Lay out

• Production Lay out

Theory that proposed that there should be a trade-off between the volume of production or the variety as illustrated

• Theory of Lean Manufacturing

• Theory of Process of Choice

This Theory holds that the swifter and even the flow of materials through the process, the more productive

• Theory of Swift and Even flow

• Theory of Performance Frontiers

Materials processing operation MPO

• mostly considered as services

• more commonly referred to as manufacturing