Microbiology (WGU) misc. questions

A biological agent that consists of nucleic acid and a protein coat. It is not a cell, nor is it considered alive

• Virus

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Protista

Which of the following is FALSE regarding classical complement pathways?

• Antibodies bind to antigens (microbes)

• Macrophages use phagocytosis

• MAC promotes cytolysis (cell repture)

• C1, C4, C2 comp. proteins are utilized

Which is FALSE regarding Lectin complement pathways?

• Factor B, Factor D, and Factor P are used

• Macrophages use phagocytosis

• Cytokines cause liver to produce lectin

• C4 & C2 are activated

Which of the following are FALSE regarding Alternative (Properdin) complementary pathways?

• Earlier activation than classical pathway

• Factor B, Factor D, and Factor P are utilized

• Complement proteins coat microbe surfaces which promotes adherence to phagocytes

• MAC promotes cytolysis (cell rupture)

Which of the following are examples of physical barriers of innate immunity? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• Skin

• Mucus membranes/mucosa secreted

• Urinary flow

• Salty liquid from sweat glands

Which of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immunity? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• lysozyme in tears & saliva

• Nasal hairs

• Lactoferrin in milk, saliva, and mucus

• Transferrin in blood plasma

Why are fevers beneficial? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• Interferon is increased

• Lysosomal breakdown increases

• Phagocytosis is slowed

• Microbial enzymes/toxins become inactivated

Which immunoglobulin is the ONLY one that can cross the placenta?

• IgA

• IgE

• IgG

• IgD

Which immunoglobulin causes microbes to clump together?

• IgM

• IgG

• IgA

• IgE

Which immunoglobulin binds to mast cells and produces allergy symptoms (to drugs, pollen, and foods)?

• IgA

• IgD

• IgE

• IgM