British Literature B--Midterm Examination_T1S1

1. The Enlightenment influenced revolutionary thought by

• Encouraging the poor to take up arms

• Stressing the importance of the monarchy

• Designing a common revolutionary strategy

• Instilling the belief in the natural rights of man

1. The Declaration of Independence states, “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.” These words describe the enlightened idea of a

• Need to ensure a representative government

• Return to a society that has no central authority

• A. Social contract between the government and the people

• Revolutionary intent to overthrow our current government

• A. Both A and C can be viewed as correct

The American Revolution was motivated by the Enlightened idea

• Of a distinct class system

• That all men are created equal

• Of the rightful rule of the monarch

• That government needs a central authority

1. The French revolutionaries who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man wanted liberty for the people of France. This document embodied the Enlightenment idea that

• The French Revolution was justified

• Reason should guide human affairs

• A constitutional monarchy should exist

• Hereditary and tradition should guide government

This philosopher separated government into three branches and argued for separation of powers.

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Locke

• Hobbes

Enlightenment thinkers contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and governments through their belief that

• Most changes in government are dangerous and can wait

• Absolute monarchy is the most effective form of government

• Governments are instituted to protect citizen’s rights

• Popular liberties should be limited by the need for social order.

1. The French, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, identified three precepts or ‘rights’ that each man should have. Those rights were liberty, equality and

• Loyalty

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Property

• Fraternity

Englishman, John Locke, believed, however, that each man had the rights to life, liberty and

• Loyalty

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Propery

• Fraternity

John Locke also believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed, to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to

• Move to another country

• Refuse to vote in the next election

• Overthrow the government

• Refuse to pay taxes

1. Montesquieu believed that to prevent tyranny in government there should be a separation of powers. Which of the following best illustrates this idea?

• Absolute power in the executive branch

• Splitting power among three or more countries

• Total power in the legislative branch

• Dividing a country’s power among three branches of government