AP Psychology Ch 2 Research Review

Naturalistic observations are conducted in order to:

• A. describe behavior

• B. explain behavior

• C. predict behavior

• D. control behavior

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?

• A. positive .05

• B. negative .25

• C. positive .75

• D. negative .95

Which of the following represents the average score in a distribution?

• A. the mode

• B. the mean

• C. the median

• D. the standard deviation

After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:

• A. overconfidence

• B. the false consensus effect

• C. the hindsight bias

• D. an illusory correlation

Dr. Anderson conducts an experiment to see whether exposure to helpful models leads to helping behavior in young children. Of the forty girls and boys in his study, half are exposed to helpful models while the other half watch the same models not engaged in helping behavior. In this experiment, the dependent variable is:

• A. the gender of the children

• B. helpful or non-helpful models

• C. the age of the children

• D. helping behavior

Which of the following is the best way to generate a random sample of students for a research study?

• A. mail out a questionnaire that students could voluntarily complete and return

• B. stand by the door of the library and ask people who pass by to answer your questions

• C. offer extra credit for students in a particular classroom who choose to participate

• D. use a table of random numbers to pick participants from a student listing

A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:

• A. does not provide evidence of cause and effect.

• B. cannot be used to examine relationships between variables that exist naturally.

• C. does not aid in the process of prediction.

• D. does not provide information about how two variables are related.

After conducting an experiment, Dr. Fitzpatrick concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups. In other words,

• A. the difference is highly meaningful and important to scientists.

• B. the results are replicable.

• C. the scores differed by five points or more.

• D. it is unlikely that the difference occurred by chance.

A testable prediction is referred to as a(n)

• A. operational definition

• B. theory

• C. hypothesis

• D. case study

In a normal curve, about ___% of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean.

• A. 50%

• B. 68%

• C. 95%

• D. 99%