18.3: Building Industrial American on the Backs of Labor

How did the factory system change the way workers were paid?

• The factory system led to the hourly wage system.

• Factory workers were based on individual production.

• The factory system created the salary based economy.

• Factory workers were always paid based on production quotas.

Growing concerns among _______ over the safety of women and children in the workplace would eventually result in the development of political lobby groups.

• progressive reformers

• Christian fundamentalists

• US Congressman

• corporate executives

The _____ began in West Virginia when the B&O Railroad cut employee wages for the third time in a year; the violence that ensued resulted in nearly one thousand arrests and one hundred deaths.

• Great Railroad Strike of 1877

• Haymarket Square Riot

• Harlan Coal Wars

• Civil War

Overinvestment in the railroad industry and shady banking practices resulted in the _____ which created more discord between the working class and business owners.

• Panic of 1873

• Great Recession

• Civil War

• Credit Mobilier Scandal

The ____________, one of the first unions, adopted a broad reform platform, including equal pay regardless of gender, the elimination of convict labor, and the creation of greater cooperative enterprises.

• Knights of Labor

• Christian Temperance Movement

• Pacific Railroad Company

• National Education Association

One of the biggest setbacks to unionization was the _____ when the police arrested seven anarchist protestors after a bomb was thrown killing an officer; unions were blamed despite a lack of any involvement.

• Haymarket Affair

• Credit Mobilier Scandal

• Dreyfus Incident

• XYZ Affair

The _________ went as far as hiring the Pinkertons to control a Pennsylvania town of strikers in the Homestead Steel Strike which resulted in a major setback in an attempt to unionize steel workers.

• Carnegie Steel Company

• Standard Oil Company

• Pacific Railroad Company

• Chase Morgan Bank

What social problem does the photographer expose?

• exploitation of child labor

• overdependence of mechanization

• expansion of textile industry

What does the cartoonists compare children to?

• Slaves being sold at auction.

• Crops being sold at market

• Models demonstrating clothes

Why do factories commonly hire women and children over men during the late 1800s?

• They didn't have to pay them as much.

• They didn't have to give them life insurance.

• They worked harder than males.

• The women were capable of more physical labor.