Elements of academic texts

A short summary of 100-200 words, which explains the paper's purpose and main findings.

• references

• abstract

• appendix

• dissertation

A list of all the sources the writer has mentioned in the text.

• abstract

• appendix

• references

• citation

A section, at the end, where additional information is included.

• appendix

• acknowledgements

• literature review

• references

A short section where people who have helped the writer are thanked.

• acknowledgements

• literature review

• sub-title

• forewords

Part of the main body in which the writer discusses relevant research.

• references

• citations

• quotations

• literature review

A section where one particular example is described in detail.

• forewords

• case study

• discussion

• citations

"According to Tamura et al.(2009),....."

This is an example of.....

• citation

• subtitle

• summary

• heading

Which of the following is an example of abbreviations?

• Smith (2009) claims that....

• DHA

• docosahexaenoic acid

• According to Smith (2009), ....