Text Structure - Key Words w/Passages

Key words such as: for example, such as, and adjectives are used in which text structure?

• cause and effect

• problem/solution

• sequence/chronological

• description

Key words such as: first, next, last, years, and dates are used in which text structure?

• description

• cause and effect

• sequential/chronological

• problem/solution

Key words such as: like/unlike, similarly, on the other hand, are used in which text structure?

• cause and effect

• problem/solution

• chronological

• compare and contrast

Key words such as: because, this is why, consequently, and so, are used in which text structure?

• cause and effect

• problem/solution

• compare and contrast

• chronological

Key words such as: because, this led to, and since are used in which text structure?

• cause and effect

• problem/solution

• compare and contrast

• sequential

What key words are used in the following passage that let you know it is a "Cause & Effect" text structure?

As one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, very few people would argue that the Grand Canyon is a place of epic beauty. What happened to cause this beautiful, unique place to exist? There are two major causes of the Grand Canyon we see today. The first major cause is constant erosion by the Colorado River. This fastmoving river has continued to cut through layer upon layer of rock for millions of years. The second major cause is the uplift of the Colorado Plateau. The Plateau has pushed upward 5,000-10,000 feet while the Colorado River has carried away rock, resulting in the Grand Canyon.

• cause, major cause

• like/unlike

• because

What key words are used in the following passage that let you know it is a "Compare & Contrast" text structure?

Bryce Canyon and the Grand Canyon are national parks located in the Southwestern United States known for their stunning beauty and their amazing geologic features. There are many hiking opportunities at both parks, including overnight hikes. There are also several differences between the two parks, however. Bryce Canyon is located in Utah, while the Grand Canyon is in Arizona. The Grand Canyon was formed by river erosion, while Bryce Canyon was formed by frost and steam erosion. The Grand Canyon is deeper and hosts more visitors than Bryce Canyon.

• cause, due to

• first, next, last

• both, are also, differences, while

What key words are used in the following passage that let you know it is a "sequential/Chronological" text structure?

French fries were not invented in the U.S., but Americans still adore them. The first documented use in the United States was when thenPresident Thomas Jefferson asked a French chef to make “potatoes served in the French manner”. A recipe for “French Fried Potatoes” has been found in a cookbook from the 1850s. They were referred to as “French fried potatoes” until the 1930s, when Americans dropped the word “potatoes” and started referring to them as simply French fries. They gained in popularity with the growth of the fast-food chains that took America by storm in the 1950s and 1960s. Today, they are as popular as ever!

• because, due to

• similar, unlike

• years mentioned in order, first