APUSH 3.8

“In the Bill of Rights for this Commonwealth it is declared that the happiness of the people & the Preservation of civil government depend upon the piety religion & morality & that the people have a right to invest their Legislature with power to require that provision be made for the public worship of God & the support of [P]rotestant teachers & require the attendance of people upon such worship instructions.... We must insist that the Continental Constitution contain a Bill of Rights which by Express shall secure to us our privileges especially our religion.” -Source: Daniel Adams, at a town meeting in Townshend, Massachusetts, 1787 The ideas in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?

• the compromise to include a passage in Article II that guaranteed the separation of church and state

• the creation of the Electoral College as a way to elect the president

• the ratification of the first ten amendments to protect individual liberties and rights

• the development of a bicameral legislature, including a House of Representatives and a Senate

“In being compelled to labor, not for himself, but for a master. . . the slave may appear to be degraded from the human rank, and classed with those irrational animals which fall under the legal denomination of property. In being protected, on the other hand, in his life and in his limbs, against the violence of all others, even the master of his labor and his liberty; and in being punishable himself for all violence committed against others, the slave is no less evidently regarded by the law as a member of the society, not as a part of the irrational creation; as a moral person, not as a mere article of property. The federal Constitution, therefore, decides with great propriety on the case of our slaves, when it views them in the mixed character of persons and of property. This is in fact their true character.” -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 54, 1788 Which of the following best describes the core ideas behind the Three-Fifths Compromise?

• For reelection, a member of the House of Representatives could only serve three consecutive terms every five years.

• For every five states added to the United States, three had to be slave states.

• Enslaved persons had to be paid for at least three years of service after they’ve been enslaved for five years.

• Enslaved persons were counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation.

“It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.” -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 51, 1788 The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

• the principle of freedom of speech

• the ideas of the First Great Awakening

• the concept of checks and balances

• the belief in universal suffrage

“In being compelled to labor, not for himself, but for a master. . . the slave may appear to be degraded from the human rank, and classed with those irrational animals which fall under the legal denomination of property. In being protected, on the other hand, in his life and in his limbs, against the violence of all others, even the master of his labor and his liberty; and in being punishable himself for all violence committed against others, the slave is no less evidently regarded by the law as a member of the society, not as a part of the irrational creation; as a moral person, not as a mere article of property. The federal Constitution, therefore, decides with great propriety on the case of our slaves, when it views them in the mixed character of persons and of property. This is in fact their true character.” -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 54, 1788 Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

• the Back-to-Africa movement led by Marcus Garvey in the 1920s

• regional differences over the expansion of slavery west in the 1820s

• support for the expansion of suffrage to minority groups in the 1840s

• the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857

“It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.” -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 51, 1788 How were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists able to reach a compromise to ratify the Constitution?

• The Federalists guaranteed that the federal government would not have the power to tax the states.

• The Federalists guaranteed that enslaved Africans would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.

• The Federalists guaranteed that the President would have a two-term limit and not a lifetime appointment.

• The Federalists guaranteed that they would vote to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution as a series of Amendments.

“In being compelled to labor, not for himself, but for a master. . . the slave may appear to be degraded from the human rank, and classed with those irrational animals which fall under the legal denomination of property. In being protected, on the other hand, in his life and in his limbs, against the violence of all others, even the master of his labor and his liberty; and in being punishable himself for all violence committed against others, the slave is no less evidently regarded by the law as a member of the society, not as a part of the irrational creation; as a moral person, not as a mere article of property. The federal Constitution, therefore, decides with great propriety on the case of our slaves, when it views them in the mixed character of persons and of property. This is in fact their true character.” -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 54, 1788 Which of the following Constitutional compromises does this excerpt support?

• The Bill of Rights

• The Electoral College

• The 3/5 Compromise

• The Connecticut (Great) Compromise

“In the Bill of Rights for this Commonwealth it is declared that the happiness of the people & the Preservation of civil government depend upon the piety religion & morality & that the people have a right to invest their Legislature with power to require that provision be made for the public worship of God & the support of [P]rotestant teachers & require the attendance of people upon such worship instructions.... We must insist that the Continental Constitution contain a Bill of Rights which by Express shall secure to us our privileges especially our religion.”

-Source: Daniel Adams, at a town meeting in Townshend, Massachusetts, 1787

Based on the excerpt, the author was most likely a member of which group?

• Federalists

• Patriots

• Democratic-Republicans

• Anti-Federalists

Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of enslaved Africans from 1801 to 1820?

• America reduced the number of enslaved Africans brought through the slave trade by two-fifths as part of the Three-Fifths Compromise.

• The Three-Fifths Compromise ended slavery in three-fifths of the colonies, reducing the amount of enslaved Africans.

• America ended the Atlantic slave trade in 1808 as a condition of the Three-Fifths Compromise.

• The Three-Fifths Compromise ended slavery in the United States in 1808, reducing the amount of enslaved Africans.