3.7B Rapid Changes to Earth 1

A volcano is –

• when heavy rainfall causes large amounts of soil to be moved

• when there is a break in the Earth’s crust and molten rock comes to the surface

• when water levels of a stream, river or lake rises and spills out onto surrounding land

• when there is violent shaking of the Earth’s crust

What is the uppermost part of the Earth’s surface called?

• Mantle

• Crust

• Topsoil

• Outer core

All of the following cause rapid changes to the Earth’s surface except –

• landslide

• erosion

• tornado

• earthquake

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What is an earthquake?

• Giant ocean waves that can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour

• An opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock to come to the surface

• A sudden violent shaking of the ground caused by movements in the Earth’s crust

• Large amounts of soil and rocks are moved, often caused by heavy rainfall

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Most earthquakes happen along –

• the shorelines of oceans

• the equator

• the borders of tectonic plates

• the borders between countries

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The picture below shows an area known as The Ring of Fire. It contains approximately 75% of the world’s active volcanoes.

Which volcano fact below is supported by the passage and picture above?

• It is estimated that three fourths of the world’s volcanoes are under the ocean.

• The danger area around a volcano can stretch 20 miles.

• Molten rock is called magma, but it is called lava once it reaches the surface.

• The explosion of Mount Tambora, Indonesia in 1815 was the largest volcanic eruption ever recorded.

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Earthquakes can cause all of the following changes to the Earth’s surface except –

• large cracks

• tornadoes

• landslides

• tsunamis

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All of the following can be triggered by a volcanic eruption except –

• tsunamis

• landslides

• hurricanes

• forest fires

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The diagram below shows the major tectonic plates of the world with several of the larger plates labeled. Why do most earthquakes occur along the borders of the tectonic plates?

• The plates are moving

• The plates separate

• The plates bump

• All of the above

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