Cells and the Versatile Functions of Their Parts

What kind of cell is made of only DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and a cell membrane?

• amoeba

• bacteria

• mitochondria

• yeast

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Read the paragraph from the section "Gene Transfer."

This ability allows many bacteria to quickly resist antibiotics. Humans use antibiotics to fight unwanted bacteria. Some bacteria have genes that let them survive, though. Thanks to horizontal gene transfer, they can pass these genes to others.

Which word from the paragraph helps the reader understand the meaning of "resist"?

• unwanted

• survive

• horizontal

• transfer

What is horizontal gene transfer?

• passing genes from living thing to another

• passing genetic material from parents to children

• when many amoebas combine to search for food

• when one type of cell grows inside of another type of living thing

Read the following selection from the section "Cellular Slime Molds."

When there aren't many nutrients in the environment, these cells band together in a slug-like form. Together, they migrate to find food. The cellular communication between amoebae during this coming together involves many cell parts.

What is the meaning of the word "migrate" as it is used in the selection above?

• flee from danger

• become very hungry

• wander without a goal

• go to another spot

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Look at Image 2.

How is a eukaryotic cell different than a prokaryotic cell?

• eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not

• eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, prokaryotic cells do not

• prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, eukaryotic cells do not

• prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, eukaryotic cells do not

Look at Image 5 in the section "Neurons And The Brain" and read the selection below.

Neurons have a long axon fiber, which extends from the cell. Neurons send their chemical signals out through their axons. They also receive signals from neighboring cells. They receive signals through finger-like catches called dendrites.

How does the image support the information in the selection above?

• It shows why neurons' finger-like axons send signals instead of touching.

• It illustrates how neurons send chemical signals through the axons.

• It shows how neurons make special sacs inside of their organelles.

• It highlights how neurons help the brain to solve a problem or remember something.

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Why are plants and animals called multicellular organisms?

• they have many organelles in each cell

• they are made of many specialized cells

• many bacteria and yeast cells can live inside them

• there are more plants and animals in the world than any other type of organism

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Use the images and information from the article to select the TRUE statement.

• Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both have ribosomes and a cell membrane.

• Paramecia is an organism that contains multiple cells and lives in ponds.

• Single-celled organisms are incapable of doing a horizontal gene transfer.

• Red blood cells keep the body healthy by destroying bacteria using lysosomes.

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