Quiz Mitosis and DNA

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• mitosis

• G₁ phase

• G₂ phase

• S phase

Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?

• BOTH ARE CARBOHYDRATES

• X NUCLEIC ACID Y CARBOHYDRATE

• BOTH NUCLEIC ACIDS

• X CARBOHYDRATE Y NUCLEIC ACID

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia.

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce.

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid.

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?

• The nitrogenous base

• The shape of the deoxyribose sugar

• The length of the phosphate group

• The type of fatty acid

In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule?

• A gene

• mRNA

• ATP

• Thymine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they

• contain a lipid bilayer

• can clump together

• metabolize sugars rapidly

• have specific genes activated

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled below. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited.

• Cell division is unregulated.

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited.

• Antibody activity is unregulated.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model.

This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that

• duplicates the DNA

• completes cell division

• maintains genetic homeostasis

• synthesizes new molecules

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4