AP Review Fall Semester #7

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This

phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

• more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

• less sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

• as sensitive in the dark as cones and are few in number in the fovea

• more numerous than cones are in the fovea

• as numerous as cones are all over the retina

In vision, transduction occurs within the

• optic nerve

• visual cortex

• retina

• lens

• cornea

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

• afferent neurons

• Schwann cells

• efferent neurons

• neuroglia

• mirror neurons

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

• correlational analyses

• machines designed for cognitive analysis

• survey methodology

• self-examination of mental processes

• teaching participants to multitask

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?

• Describing one’s immediate sensations while looking at a rose

• Determining the best way for children to learn in school

• Conditioning an infant to fear rabbits

• Recalling one’s unconscious desires

• Creating intelligence tests for use in the military

Jeff always tells his children not to use bad language when something does not go the way they want.

Unfortunately, Jeff uses bad language occasionally and his children have observed him do so. Now Jeff’s

children use bad language. This can be explained by

• learned helplessness

• social learning theory

• representativeness

• classical conditioning

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

• behaviorism

• functionalism

• rationalism

• structuralism

• mechanism

Kelly, a first-year student at a local university, is surprised at how easily she can locate the building and

classroom for each of her classes on the first day of school. Kelly attributes her success to the campus tour

she took the previous spring. Which of the following concepts best supports Kelly’s belief?

• Modeling

• Spontaneous recovery

• Classical conditioning

• Stimulus generalization

• Latent learning

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices

the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies.

This can best be explained by which of the following?

• Accommodation

• Sensory adaptation

• Weber's law

• Assimilation

• Phi phenomenon

Which of the following kinds of learning is involved when a person displays a new behavior after watching

someone else perform it?

• Generalization

• Latent learning

• Insight learning

• State-dependent learning

• Observational learning