Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration

The word Renaissance means...

• Reward

• Rebuild

• Remark

• Rebirth

Where did the Renaissance begin?

• Russia

• Italy

• Spain

• Mexico

Prior to the start of the Renaissance, city-states in Italy became wealthy from

• trade

• manufacturing

• gold

• farming

What economic change in Europe during the Renaissance facilitated the flourishing of art?

• Introduction of paper currency that was in higher demand by artists

• Creation of a barter system that allowed artists to trade more easily

• Growth of a merchant class with additional income used to patron the arts

• Development of government programs that paid for the education of artists

During the Renaissance, the relationship between politics and religion became strained, and...

• the political influence of the Catholic Church increased.

• the political influence of the Catholic Church weakened.

• there was less focus on aspects of the secular world.

• art, literature and learning suffered setbacks.

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included --

• Erasmus' publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• Henry VIII's plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

• John Calvin's establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

A new theological doctrine that emerged from the Protestant Reformation included the idea of --

• good works

• sacramental traditions

• indulgences as forgiveness

• salvation by grace

How did Gutenberg's invention of the printing press contribute to the Protestant Reformation?

• Universities used printing presses to create huge libraries.

• The Catholic Church printed messages from the Pope encouraging missionaries to travel and gain converts.

• Maps could be updated and printed more regularly to improve navigation.

• The Bible was printed in vernacular (spoken) languages leading to greater criticism of the Church.

How did the Reformation change the political composition of Europe?

• The Pope became the political advisor to many European monarchs.

• Eastern Europe became vulnerable to the advances of the Ottomans.

• Nobles aligned with either Catholic or Protestant traditions and went to war.

• Monarchies were overthrown and protestant theocracies were created.

What was the purpose of a quipu in Incan Civilization?

• a weapon of war

• an indicator of social class

• a system of recordkeeping

• a method of freeze drying food