AP Biology Units 1-3 Review

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

• Movement of oxygen into a cell

• Movement of water through aquaporins

• Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance

Undersea landslides can disrupt marine habitats by burying organisms that live on the ocean floor. The graph above shows the size of a population of a certain organism that lives on the ocean floor. The population was affected by a recent landslide at the time indicated on the graph. Which of the following best predicts how the population will be affected by the landslide?

• The surviving organisms will evolve into a new species.

• The reduced population will likely have allelic frequencies that are different from the initial population.

• The population will adapt to deeper waters to avoid future landslides.

• The reduced population will have a greater number of different genes than the initial population.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?

• How does chlorophyll capture light?

• How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?

• How is NADP⁺ reduced to NADPH?

• How is ATP produced in chemiosmosis?

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The equation above shows one of the reversible reactions that occur in blood. After exercise, an athlete’s blood pH has dropped below the normal level. How will normal blood pH be restored?

H⁺ + HCO₃^– ↔ H₂O + CO₂

• An increase in O₂ concentration in the plasma will lead to an increase in H⁺ concentration.

• An increase in temperature will lead to an increase in H⁺ concentration.

• An increase in sweating will lead to a decrease in OH^– and H⁺ concentration.

• An increase in breathing rate will lead to a decrease in blood CO₂ and H⁺ concentration.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph below?

• The water becomes colder at night and thus holds more oxygen.

• Respiration in most organisms increases at night.

• More organisms are respiring at night than during the day.

• Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during the day.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

A common laboratory investigation involves putting a solution of starch and glucose into a dialysis bag and suspending the bag in a beaker of water, as shown in the figure below.

The investigation is aimed at understanding how molecular size affects movement through a membrane.

Which of the following best represents the amount of starch, water, and glucose in the dialysis bag over the course of the investigation?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which of the following provides the best indication that light is required for the activation of electron transfer reactions in chloroplasts?

• Calculating the rate of change of the absorbance for sample 1

• Comparing the observed results for sample 2 and sample 3

• Repeating the entire experimental procedure at night

• Including multiple trials for all the samples

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which of the following can be reasonably concluded from the experimental results?

• Chloroplasts must be suspended in a buffer solution to function properly.

• The optimal temperature for activation of electron transfer is 25°C.

• DCPIP inhibits biochemical reactions in suspended chloroplasts.

• Light from a lamp can substitute for sunlight in stimulating chloroplast processes

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

If an additional sample containing the chloroplast/DCPIP solution was placed at a distance of 90 cm from the lamp, which of the following predictions would be most consistent with the experimental results?

• The concentration of DCPIP in the solution will increase exponentially.

• The absorbance at 60 minutes will be roughly equal to 1.4.

• The change in absorbance over time in the solution will be less than that of the other samples.

• The temperature of the solution will exceed 75°C.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which of the following descriptions of photosynthesis best explains the results of the experiment?

• Availability of electrons for transfer to DCPIP depends on light energy.

• Movement of DCPIP across chloroplast membranes occurs in less than 60 minutes.

• Chlorophyll molecules degrade rapidly in the presence of DCPIP.

• DCPIP can only be used to measure photosynthetic activity at low light levels.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5