Hair Perming

Perm lotion opens and swells the cuticle, so

that it can enter the cortex.

• Moulding Stage

• Softening Stage

• Fixing Stage

Neutralizing removes the hydrogen from the

cortex by adding oxygen (a process of oxidation).

• Moulding Stage

• Softening Stage

• Fixing Stage

the hair, which has been

softened, is now able to take on the shape of the

perm rod.

• Moulding Stage

• Softening Stage

• Fixing Stage

have a smaller

diameter in the center, which

gradually increases to a larger

diameter at both ends.

• Concave

• Straight

the circumference

and diameter of straight rods

are the same for the rod’s

entire length.

• Concave

• Straight

the

hair is held and

wrapped at a 45°

beyond

perpendicular to its

base section.

• Off-base

• Half off-base

• On-base

the hair is held

and wrapped

at a 45° below

the center of

the base

section.

• Off-base

• Half off-base

• On-base

the hair is

held and

wrapped 90°

from center of

its base section.

• Off-base

• Half off-base

• On-base

(applying perm lotion

before perm rods) = 35 minutes

• pre-damping

• over-processed perm

• under-processed perm

• post-damping

is caused by

insufficient processing time. Hair has

weak wave movements with unstructured

ridges.

• pre-damping

• over-processed perm

• under-processed perm

• post-damping