Emotions and Memory ISC

The flashbulb memory theory was first theorized by which researchers?

• Brown and Kulik

• Cahill and Mcgaugh

• Sharot and Quervain

• Neisser and Harsch

The flashbulb memory theory consists of which of the following aspects?

• highly detailed

• exceptionally vivid

• snapshot of a moment

• highly emotional

Importance-driven model within the flashbulb memory theory emphasizes

• that personal consequences determine intensity of emotional reactions.

• memories are stored as a list in order of significance

• what we remember is based on emotions

Which of the following studies provide biological support for the flashbulb memory theory?

• Cahill and Mcgaugh (1995)

• Sharot et al (2007)

• Neisser (1982)

• Kufolsky (2011)

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the FBM theory?

• There is biological evidence that supports the role of emotion in memory formation

• Often with real-life research on the topic, it is impossible to verify the accuracy of memories.

• It is not possible to measure one's emotional state at the time of an event - thus making it impossible to demonstrate a clear causal explanation.

• There are cultural differences that indicate that rehearsal may play the most important role in the development of FBM.

Good decision making depends on an ability to access appropriate emotional information linked to the situation in which the decision is being made. This defines the

• somatic marker hypothesis.

• ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

• flashbulb memory theory.

• positive frame.

Somatic markers are

• feelings in the body that are associated with emotions, like rapid heartbeat with anxiety.

• not real, they can't hurt you.

• special biological memory mechanism that, when triggered by an event exceeding critical levels of surprise, creates a permanent record of the details and circumstances surrounding the experience

• emotions that are linked directly to memories

The most notable study supporting the somatic marker hypothesis (Damasio 1994) is the Iowa Gambling Task, which shows that

• with biological evidence, not only is emotion an important part of effective decision making, but increased emotion seems to be one way we can ‘know’ when we are making the right decision

• Participants recorded a significant increase in activity whenever they selected the ‘loss averse’ option, regardless of the frame in use

• that risky decision making in teenagers could be related to a developmental process where the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) is less sensitive to negative feedback