Biotechnology

During PCR , DNA sample is cooled to 54 0C, allowing primers attach to opposite ends of the target sequence. That step in the PCR is called:

• Denaturation

• Annealing

• Elongation

• Condensation

Genetic modification is carried out by gene transfer between species. The name of the enzyme that joins the sticky ends , fixing the gene into the plasmid is :

• Restriction enzyme

• DNA Ligase

• Recombinant plasmid enzyme

• Vector

Define clone:

• A group of genetically-identical organisms derived from a single original parent cell

• A group of genetically-identical organisms design in a laboratory using biotechnology.

• An organism derived from a single original parent cell

• A group of genetically organisms derived from a group of original cell.

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to

• Replicate DNA under laboratory conditions

• Separate DNA fragments based on their size

• Replicate DNA or RNA under laboratory conditions

• Separate and isolate proteins or DNA fragments based on size

The transfer of genes between species is called gene modification, and the new organism created is called a

• Plasmid

• Vector

• Transgenic

• Restriction enzyme

Certain animal species can also reproduce asexually, via a variety of different mechanisms. Even human beings are capable of creating genetic clones.

• True

• False

This image is a photograph of DNA fragments that have been separated. Identify which strand of DNA is the shortest.

• A

• B

• C

• D

A scientist has recovered a piece of tissue from the 100-year-old preserved skin of an extinct Tasmanian wolf (thylacine). To compare a specific region of the sample DNA with DNA from living marsupials, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of wolf DNA available for testing?

• DNA profiling

• Karyotyping

• PCR

• Gel electrophoresis

Which is NOT a standard part of PCR?

• Use of a heat-resistant polymerase

• Breaking of the hydrogen bonds that connect two complementary DNA strands

• upply of large numbers of A, C, G and T nucleoside triphosphates

• Breaking of covalent bonds within the backbone of DNA strands

Why are plasmids useful in genetic modification of bacteria?

• They are the only DNA sequences vulnerable to restriction endonucleases.

• They are commonly transferred between different species from all domains of life.

• They contain all the essential genes of the bacterium so the target gene becomes essential.

• They are easily transferred between bacterial cells and are small enough to manipulate easily.