fundus photo

In normal subjects, the ratio of the horizontal diameter of the physiologic cup to the diameter of the optic disc should be no more than?

• 0.1

• 0.3

• 0.5

• 0.7

The most likely cause of this abnormality is?

• glaucoma

• optic neuritis

• diabetic retinopathy

• hypertensive retinopathy

describe the optic disc

The abnormality indicated by the arrow is caused by?

• Anemia

• Diabetes

• Chronic hypertension

• Acute hypertension

The abnormalities indicated by the arrows are?

• cotton wool spots

• hard exudates

• drusen

• myelinated nerve fibers

The arrow points to an abnormality called?

• Dot hemorrhage

• Flame hemorrhage

• Pre-retinal (boat shaped) hemorrhage

• Submacular hemorrhage

The most likely cause of this abnormality is?

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

• Retinal Vein Occlusion

• Hypercholestrolemia

Describe the optic disc

What is the abnormality called?

A 50-year-old woman with uncontrolled DM suddenly notices blurred vision and black floaters before her right eye. What do you see through the pupil?

• Retinal artery occlusion

• Retinal vein occlusion

• Retinal detachment

• Vitreous hemorrhage