What event do most historians use to mark the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe?

• The Fall of Constantinople

• Charlemagne's Rule

• The Fall of the Western Roman Empire

• The Birth of Jesus of Nazareth

After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, most of Western Europe was

• made up of different Germanic kingdoms.

• united under the rule of Justinian I.

• a place of learning, laughter, and love.

• united under the Greek Orthodox Church

The Franks were

• a Germanic tribe that settled in France.

• an early Muslim Empire.

• a Germanic tribe that settled in England.

• the name for the Eastern Roman Empire.

Which famous Frankish king is most remembered for uniting the Frankish tribes into a kingdom and converting to Christianity?

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Pepin the Short

• Charlemagne

Which line of leaders is associated with Clovis?

• Merovingians

• Caroling-dynasty

Charlemagne's grandfather Charles Martel held this title:

• Majordomo

• Emperor of Rome

• King of the Franks

• Pope

Why was Charles Martel's victory at the Battle of Poitiers important?

• It united all the Franks under one king

• It reestablished the Roman Empire

• It protected Christianity in Europe against the spread of Islam

• It created the modern nation of France

After Pepin conquered the Lombards in Italy, their lands were given to _________.

• the Frankish kingdom

• the Pope

• the Muslim invaders

• the Roman emperor

Which Frankish king is remembered for uniting much of western Europe since the Fall of Rome, rebuilding much of the infrastructure that had collapse, spreading Christianity and encouraging learning?

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Pepin the Short

• Charlemagne

What line of leaders is associated with Charlemagne

• Caroling-dynasty

• Merovingians