Part 1: AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Quiz

Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct wooly mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. These can now be used to

• introduce into relatives, such as elephants, certain mammoth traits

• clone live wooly mammoths

• study the relationships among wooly mammoths and other wool-producers

• understand the evolutionary relationships among members of related taxa

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Why might the cricket genome have 11 times as many base pairs than that of Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly)?

• The two insect species evolved at very different geologic eras.

• Crickets have higher gene density.

• Drosophila are more complex organisms.

• Crickets must have more non-coding DNA.

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, ʺThe giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result.ʺ Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this studentʹs misconception?

• Characteristics acquired during an organismʹs life are generally not passed on through genes.

• Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.

• Only favorable adaptations have survival value.

• Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

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In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenkoʹs attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of

• Lamarck

• Darwin

Refer to the figure, which shows an outcrop of sedimentary rock whose strata are labeled. Which stratum should contain the greatest proportion of extinct organisms?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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Refer to the figure, which shows an outcrop of sedimentary rock whose strata are labeled. If ʺxʺ indicates the location of fossils of two closely related species, then fossils of their most-recent common ancestor are most likely to occur in which stratum?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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As a young biologist, Charles Darwin had expected the living plants of temperate South America would resemble those of temperate Europe, but he was surprised to find that they more closely resembled the plants of tropical South America. The biological explanation for this observation is most properly associated with the field of

• embryology

• vertebrate anatomy

• bioengineering

• biogeography

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose

• that evolution occurs

• a mechanism for how evolution occurs

• that the Earth is older than a few thousand years

• a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence

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In Darwinʹs thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the

• more similar their habitats are

• less similar their DNA sequences are

• more recently they shared a common ancestor

• less likely they are to have the same genes in common

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Natural selection is based on all of the following except

• genetic variation exists within populations.

• the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.

• individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.

• populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.

• individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve

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