Learning

Current positive reinforcement requires the individual to imagine performing a particular task or behaviour followed by a

• Positive Consequence

• Zero consequence

• Negative consequence

• Neutral consequence

Who has defined “perceptual learning” as “an increase in the ability to extract information from the environment as a result of expe­rience or practice with the stimulation coming from it.”?

• I. P. Pavlov

• Wertheimer

• B. F. Skinner

• Eleanor Gibson (1969)

The replacement of one conditioned response by the establishment of an incompatible response to the same conditioned stimulus is known as:

• Backward Conditioning

• Counter Conditioning

• Forward Conditioning

• High order conditioning

Which type of learning experiments show how the behaviour of animals can be controlled or shaped in a desired direction by making a careful use of reinforcement?

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Latent Learning

• Sign Learning

Reinforcing a given response only for some­time on trials is known as:

• Continuous Reinforcement

• Partial Reinforcement

• Reinforcement Schedule

• Reinforcement Schedule

Guthrie’s theory of learning is known as the learning by:

• Interpretation

• Representation

• Substitution

• Response

Taking away a person’s car after they have been caught speeding would be

an example of:

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

People who have a lot of dental problems often come to dislike even the smell of their

dentist’s office. The smell represents a(n):

• US

• CS

• UR

• CR

After being bitten by a big Alsatian dog, Hugo was scared of other big dogs but he was

not scared of little dogs like Chihuahuas. This pattern demonstrates:

• shaping

• negative punishment

• discrimination

• latent learning

Positive punishment ________ behaviour, and negative punishment ________

• strengthens, strengthens

• weakens, weakens

• strengthens, weakens

• weakens, strengthens