Cellular Adaptation

Which cell type is a stable cells

• Skeletal muscle

• Neurons

• Endocrine glands

• Haematopoietic cells

Listed below are common adaptive cellular changes EXCEPT:

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

• Hyperplasia

• Dysplasia

Listed below are characteristic of atrophy and hypertrophy EXCEPT:

• Hypertrophy occurs due to increase amounts of structural proteins and organelles

• Hypertrophy only occurs in permanent cells

• Aging is a cause of atrophy

• Atrophy occurs due to decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation in cells & autophagy

Which is the correct description of figure above?

• Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett oesophagus

• Squamous metaplasia in lung tissue among smokers

• Brain atrophy

• Acute myocardial infarction

Which is the statement below is TRUE?

• Hyperplasia is increase in the size of cells leading to increase in the size of the organ

• Hypoplasia is incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue

• Aplasia is abnormal proliferation of cells in an organ

• Endometrial hyperplasia is an example of physiologic hyperplasia

Define metaplasia

• Metaplasia is replacement of one differentiated cell type by another differentiated cell type, normally as a result of chronic irritation

• Metaplasia is complete absence of an organ due to failure of development of the embryonic tissues or cells.

• Metaplasia is disordered cell growth with loss of cellular uniformity and architectural orientation

• Metaplasia is decrease in cell size causing a reduction in the size of tissue or organ

Which is the best description for the above figure?

• Acute myocardial infarction

• Left ventricular hypertrophy following chronic hypertension

• Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in bodybuilder

• Brain atrophy

Below is correct descriptions regarding metaplasia EXCEPT:

• Squamous metaplasia in smoker's lung is an example of metaplasia

• Metaplasia makes cells better able to withstand the stress

• Dysplasia is a complication of metaplasia

• Myositis ossificans is not an example of metaplasia

The statements below are true EXCEPT:

• Metaplasia can leads to malignancy.

• Dysplasia is disordered cell growth with loss of cellular uniformity and architectural orientation.

• Left ventricular hypertrophy is an example of irreversible changes

• Pathologic hyperplasia can leads to malignancy

Which of the cellular adaptation occurs in the figure above?

• Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett oesophagus

• Myositis ossificans

• Squamous metaplasia in smoker's lung

• Dysplasia of squamous epithelium