Unit 10: Age of Revolutions!

The Enlightenment ideas of representative government and liberty became a reality for the first time in the

• Russian Revolution.

• French Revolution.

• Industrial Revolution.

• American Revolution.

In the American Revolution that began in 1776, American colonists tended to have access to economic equality before they demanded their political rights. In the French Revolution that began in 1789, the French masses claimed political rights before they had access to economic equality. Therefore, the French Revolution

• was much less radical than the American revolution.

• was much more peaceful in its exchange of power from nobility to commoners.

• represents what all revolutions should aspire to today.

• became much more violent and radical under Robespierre’s Reign of Terror than the American Revolution.

After the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte was elected ruler of France and declared himself emperor. The beginning of his fall occurred when the Russians defeated the superior French Grand Army by

• splitting their meager forces in half and attacking from two sides.

• waiting to attack during the brutal Russian winter.

• retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside.

• launching an attack on French territory through Turkey to draw Napoleon out of Russia.

Many of the ideas of the Enlightenment helped to inspire nationalist revolutions for independence in which of the following regions?

• Western Africa and Europe

• Europe and the Americas

• the Ottoman and Safavid Empires

• northern and eastern Europe

A large group of people who share a common heritage, language, or culture and view themselves as a distinct group of people is known as a

• nation

• state

• country

• nation-state

Pride, support, and devotion to one’s people/nation in addition to wanting one’s people to be independent and free from foreign control is part of

• fascism

• imperialism

• nationalism

• patriotism

A centralized government and the land it controls is known as

• a colony

• a state

• a nation

• a democracy

People of Latin American colonies resented Spain’s tight control with which they created

• a rigid social hierarchy (power structure) that included Peninsulares, Creoles, and Mestizos.

• a thriving middle class.

• social equality between Latin American people.

• a Latin America tradition of self government.

Nationalist revolutions for independence occurred in Mexico, Columbia, Panama, and Equador in the 19^th century. What European empire did these Latin American nations break from?

• Russia

• Germany

• Portugal

• Spain

Even after independence from Spain, Latin America remained an unstable region because

• Latin America continued to be used as a source of raw materials by Western powers.

• Latin American nations industrialized immediately.

• the economies of Latin America prospered.

• Latin American nations exported more goods than they imported.