Biology-Semester 2 Final Review

Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to

• separate DNA fragments.
• combine DNA fragments.
• count the genes in DNA.
• insert DNA in cells.

Genetic engineering has been used to produce

• medicines.
• food animals.
• improved crops.
• all of these.

Polymerase chain reaction is used to

• determine the sequence of DNA.
• make copies of a DNA sequence.
• selectively breed plants and animals.
• produce mutations in bacteria.

Which is used to cut DNA molecules at specific points?

• gel electrophoresis
• PCR analysis
• a restriction enzyme
• recombinant DNA

Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by using

• inbreeding.
• mutations.
• hybridization.
• restriction enzymes.

Which produces offspring from a single cell of an adult?

• inbreeding.
• mutations.
• hybridization.
• cloning.

During transformation, a cell

• is treated with radiation.
• has two genetically different parents.
• has foreign DNA inserted in its chromosome.
• has parents of different species.

Transgenic organisms contain

• genes from other species.
• cells of another organism.
• genes of only one parent.
• one or more human genes.

A molecule containing DNA from two different organisms is called

• a plasmid.
• a polyploid.
• a hybrid organism.
• recombinant DNA.

Genes found on DNA contain the instructions for making  

• pyrimidines 
  
• pyrimidines
• proteins
• purines