Political Science Unit 3 (Ch. 12) Study Exam

__________ is the judicial philosophy that argues the Court should go beyond the words of the Constitution or a statue to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions.

• Judicial activism

• Judicial constraint

• Judicial appeal

• Judicial restraint

Because the Supreme Court has so much influence over American law and politics, virtually all presidents have made an effort to select justices who

• are considered moderate.

• share their political philosophies.

• have won judicial elections.

• have had careers as law professors.

The right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state governments is known as

• habeas corpus.

• stare decisis.

• judicial activism.

• due process of law.

If the Supreme Court grants a case a writ of certiorari, it has

• accepted and will hear the case.

• placed the case on the discuss list.

• dismissed the case.

• agreed that the case has standing and may be appealed to a lower court.

In __________ cases, the government is always the plaintiff.

• state

• civil

• criminal

• constitutional

In criminal matters most cases are settled before trial through negotiated agreements between the parties. This is known as

• court mediation.

• a plea bargain.

• court arbitration.

• conflict resolution.

In what kind of case does the plaintiff charge that it has suffered because of another's violation of a specific agreement between the two?

• contract

• tort

• administrative

• criminal

Marbury v. Madison is most famous for establishing

• judicial appeal

• judicial restraint

• judicial activism

• judicial review

The idea that the Supreme Court may review the constitutionality of state laws, because the national law is the highest law in the land, comes from the __________ clause.

• supremacy

• nationalism

• necessary and proper

• clear and present danger

Justices who disagree with the majority decision of the Court may choose to publicize the character of their disagreement in the form of a __________ opinion.

• concurring

• dissenting

• no consensus

• disagreeing