TEKS B.7(A) -Evidence of Evolution

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures.

Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

• Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

• organism 1

• organism 2

• organism 3

• organism 4

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humorous bones?

• the primates lived in similar environments.

• the primates shared a common ancestor.

• the primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

• the primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans.

Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulecetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus iris?

• homologous structure occurs in each fossil.

• similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil.

• the fossils were found in different locations

• the youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils.

Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. the family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family's geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals -

• live in the same type of ecosystem

• have slowly evolved to become herbivores

• have a common ancestor

• exchanged DNA at some point in the past