IGCSE PE Ch. 11.3 & 11.4: Risk and Injuries

Name the two types of risks.

• Risk of failure

• Perceived risk

• Real risk

• Risk of falling

Define the term real risk.

• An individual's subjective or personal judgement about the dangers of an activity.

• The amount of actual danger that exists in an activity.

• The risk that parents will find out and tell you off.

Define the term perceived risk.

• An individual's subjective or personal judgement about the dangers of an activity. Fear and worry about the safety of an activity.

• The amount of actual danger that exists in an activity.

• The risk that parents will find out and tell you off.

Answer explanation

The Fear and worry that a person might feel about an activity, considering their safety or how they might get injured.

Some people might be more scared of certain activities than others.

Suggest three perceived risks when participating in outdoor water activities.

• Fear of drowning

• Fear that you will finish the race.

• Fear and worry of falling out of the boat and into the water.

• Fear and worry that the other team will win the race.

• Fear that the water is too deep and what is under the surface of the water.

Answer explanation

Perceived risks are the fears and worries that a person might have about doing an activity.

Suggest two real risks that can occur when playing a sport on an indoor court.

• Risk of drowning.

• Small spaces can put performers at risk of colliding with each other.

• The floor can become slippery, which can cause performers to slip and fall.

• Divots in the ground can cause performers to sprain their ankles.

Suggest two rules used in football to reduce risk to performers.

• Do not tackle with studs showing towards your opponent.

• Do not swing elbows in the direction of your opponent.

• Shake hands with opponents before the game.

Suggest one sport that requires an athlete to wear a helmet as a safety precaution.

• Football

• Athletics

• Dance

• Cycling

Answer explanation

Suggest two other sports that require athletes to wear a helmet and padding to reduce the risk on athlete safety.

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Describe three different strategies that could be used to reduce the real risk to performers in a water-based outdoor and adventurous activity.

• Wear a life jacket during the activity to prevent drowning.

• Wear jewellery around your neck to lock pretty.

• Wear a helmet to reduce damage from impact if collide with rocks or hard surfaces.

• Suitable level of competition; inexperienced performers should perform in situations appropriate to their skill level.

Describe how two types of footwear are used in sports to prevent injury to athletes.

• Basketball boots have extra ankle protection.

• Football boots with studs are hard and can damage the ankles and knees if worn on hard surface.

• Road running shoes have soles to absorb repeated foot-strike impact.

Answer explanation

Basketball boots have extra ankle protection and shock absorbers to reduce impact.

Road running shoes have soles to absorb repeated footstrike impact.