Particulate Nature of Matter

Which statement about liquids and gases is correct?

• 1 cm³ of gas contains more particles than 1 cm³ of liquid

• A given mass of liquid has a fixed volume at room temperature

• Particles in a liquid can easily be force closer together

• Particles in a liquid have fixed positions

Mineral wool soaked in aqueous ammonia is placed in the apparatus shown.

After five minutes the damp litmus paper turns blue. Which process led to this change?

• condensation

• crystallisation

• diffusion

• distillation

The diagrams show the arrangement of particles in three different physical state of substance X.

Which statement about physical state of substance X is correct?

• Particles in state 1 vibrate about fixed positions.

• State 1 changes to state 2 by diffusion.

• State 2 changes directly to state 3 by condensation.

• The substance in state 3 has a fixed state.

The diagram shows a cup of hot tea.

Which rows describes the water particles in the air above the cup compared with the water particles in the cup?

• moving faster : yes, closer together : no

• moving faster : yes, closer together : yes

• moving faster : no, closer together : no

• moving faster : no, closer together : yes

The rate which a gas diffuses depends upon its relative molecular mass. Which of the following gas has fastest diffusion?

• methane

• nitrogen

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

In which substance are the particles close together and slowly moving past each other?

• water

• steam

• ice

• air

Which of the following does not correctly explains changes of state?

• An input of energy is needed to melt and boil a substance.

• Energy is released when a substance melts or boils

• Energy is given out when a substance condenses or freeze

• Energy lessens the forces of attraction between particles when a solid melts or a liquid boils.

Which of the following substances below does not have a fixed shape and volume and can

be compressed at room temperature?

• mercury

• water vapour

• sea salt

• oil

Which statemen explains why ammonia gas NH₃ diffuses at a faster rate than hydrogen chloride gas, HCl?

• Ammonia expands to occupy all the space available.

• Ammonia has a smaller relative molecular mass than hydrogen chloride.

• Ammonia is an alkali and hydrogen chloride is an acid

• Ammonia molecules diffuse in all directions at the same time

The particles of substance gain energy and change from a regular ordered structure to a disordered structure with large distances between the particles.

Which change of state is described?

• boiling

• evaporation

• melting

• sublimation