CHAPTER 2

When we compare ourselves to others who are less capable, we are engaged in a __________.

• a) downward attribution

• b) upward attribution

• c) downward social comparison

• d) upward social comparison

Introspection is an effective means of understanding ourselves when the________.

• a) individual is attempting to understand the reasons for his or her feelings about something important

• b) focus is on a conscious decision-making process

• c) individual displays an introverted personality configuration

• d) individual is attempting to predict future feelings about something

__________ involves giving praises to others as a way to encourage them to like us and approve of us.

• a) Ingratiation

• b) In-group effect

• c) Self-promotion

• d) Self-monitoring

Henry feels helpless at his job, feels that he cannot control his workday and feels that he is useless, worthless, and inept. These characteristics would mean that Henry has __________.

• a) low self-esteem

• b) high locus of control

• c) high self-insight

• d) low locus of control

When Johan was recently asked to describe himself to his classmates, he spoke about being a member of a football team and how this helped to make his experiences different from those of other students in the class. Johan was primarily making _________ comparisons.

• a) extra group

• b) intergroup

• c) individual

• d) intragroup

Mental frameworks for organizing and processing social information are known as ________.

• a) affective states

• b) anchoring frameworks

• c) schemas

• d) heuristics

The ability to form an abstract representation of the self through our use of language is known as ________.

• a) symbolic self-awareness

• b) objective self-awareness

• c) subjective self-awareness

• d) conjunctive self-awareness

Implicit self-esteem is feelings about the self of which we are consciously aware.

• True

• False

Subjective self-awareness includes a person’s capacity to be the object of his or her own attention.

• True

• False

The process of comparing our own performance to that of someone who is less capable is known as upward social comparison.

• True

• False