Carbon-14 has the same ________.

number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12

atomic number and atomic mass as carbon-12

atomic number and thus number of neutrons as carbon-13

atomic mass as both carbon-12 and carbon-13

A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels. This information ________.

does not tell us about the atomic mass of the element

does not tell us about the atomic number of the element

does not tell us about the chemical properties of the element

does not tell us about the size of the element

In a chemical reaction, the element 13Al will most preferably ________.

lose three electrons and become positively charged

gain five electrons and become negatively charged

lose five electrons and become positively charged

gain three electrons and become positively charged

Can the atomic mass of an element vary?

Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element.

No, it is fixed; otherwise a new element will be formed.

Yes. Adding or losing electrons will substantially change the atomic mass.

Yes. Adding or losing protons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element.

Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?

Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.

An atom is a solid mass of material.

The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other.

Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble.

When are atoms most stable?

when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled

when they have the fewest possible valence electrons

when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.

surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds

surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals

electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged

protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms

outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?

Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

Ammonia has an overall positive charge.

Ammonia has an overall negative charge.

The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when ________.

one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative

carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons

the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same elements

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between charged atoms.

Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.

electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule

molecules held by ionic bonds react with water

a hydrogen atom loses an electron

If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true?

It has one more proton than it does electrons.

It has two more protons than neutrons.

It has the same number of protons as electrons.

It has one more electron than it does protons.

How is a single covalent bond formed?

Two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

One atom loses a pair of electrons to the other.

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

addition of both nitrogen and hydrogen

Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium?

Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products.

Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants.

There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue.

There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped.

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

the element is required in very small amounts.

the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism.

the element is very rare on Earth.

the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival.

The reactivity of an atom arises from

the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus.

the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells.

the potential energy of the valence shell.

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

The atom has more electrons than protons.

The atom has more protons than electrons.

The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element.

The atom has more neutrons than protons.

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.

The reaction is now irreversible.

Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.

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an equal number of protons and electrons

an equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particles

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

four

five

six

seven

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.

Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons.

Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons.

Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons.

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Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

45 questions

About 25 of the 92 natural Elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following are compounds?

Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Carbon-14 has the same ________.

A(n) has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) has mass but no charge.

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.

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Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

45 questions

About 25 of the 92 natural Elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following are compounds?

Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Carbon-14 has the same ________.

A(n) ________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ________ has mass but no charge.

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.

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A(n) has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) has mass but no charge.