Often involves walking around to listen to Ss’ conversations, or sitting down and tuning in and out of Ss' conversation.

• pair work

• feedback stages

• monitoring

• group work

This is the real thing e.g. a teacher can bring in banana and apple teach those words.

• realia

• student-centred

• eliciting

• highlighting langugae

Instead of telling Ss, you can ask them a question, give a definition, etc. to encourage them to say it instead of you.

• student-centred

• concept questions

• eliciting

• modelling language

These are pictures of different things, people, or places often mounted onto card.

• realia

• choral drills

• feedback stages

• flashcards

These are short (often yes/no) questions you ask to make sure the students have understood what you want them to do.

• modelling language

• concept questions

• checking instructions

• highlighting language

This is where you use your fingers as a visual way of showing i.e, syllables in a word or contractions.

• modelling language

• concept questions

• flashcards

• finger highighting

A useful strategy for checking students' understanding of specific language.

• checking instructions

• concept questions

• modelling language

• choral drills

An activity or task a student does with another student.

• Checking instructions

• group work

• pair work

• monitoring

An activity or task done by three or more students.

• pair work

• group work

• concept questions

• monitoring

During these stages, the teacher is the centre of attention and most exchanges go through or to the teacher.

• student-centred activities

• feedback stages

• teacher-centred (also known as teacher-fronted) activities

• modelling language