Ecological Relationships Review

______________ occurs when more than one individual or population tries to use the same limited resource.

• Niche
• Predator-prey
• Availability
• Competition

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Which of the following is true about competition?

• Controls population size
• Ensures everyone eats
• Keeps everyone happy
• Is only between 2 men

When predator numbers decrease, prey numbers ____________ because fewer of them are being consumed.

• decrease
• increase
• stay the same
• divide in half

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An ecologist studies a forest area for evidence of competition among organisms. She chooses a specific location where a tree was struck by lightning. The lightning strike caused the tree to fall over and opened a space in the tree canopy for light to pass through. Which of these observations provides the best evidence of competition?

• Many tree seedlings crowd the open space and attempt to grow in the sunlight.

• Snakes come into the open space and eat small rodents that can be easily spotted in the sunlight.

• Termites that have microorganisms in their stomachs to help them digest wood are found on the fallen tree.

• A type of plant called a bromeliad grows in the branches of the fallen tree and continues to survive even though the tree has fallen.

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Bears and wolves eat deer, boar, sheep, and and other livestock. If the bear population in an ecosystem decreases, what would be the effect on the deer population?

• The population would decrease, as the parasitism created for protection against wolves is a limiting factor.

• The population would increase, as competition for the same food is a limiting factor.

• The population would increase, as predation by bears is a limiting factor.

• he population would decrease, as shelters created by bears' caves is a limiting factor.

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The graph shown represents a predator-prey relationship. What is the most probable reason for the increasing predator population from day 5 to day 6?

• A predator population equal in size to the prey population from day 5 to day 6

• An increasing food supply from day 5 to day 6

• The extinction of the yeast on day 3 and day 10

• The decreasing prey population from day 1 to day 2

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Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below.

An ecologist passed through different biomes while driving up a high mountain. At the lowest elevation (sea-level), the ecologist saw deep green vegetation, many birds, and small mammals. At the highest elevation the ecologist saw bare rock, very little vegetation, and few birds.

Which change was most likely encountered as the ecologist drove up the mountain?

• A decrease in latitude

• A decrease in temperature

• An increase in diversity of species

• An increase in the amount of atmospheric oxygen

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In his studies of birds in the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed that a few bird varieties with similar beak size and shape inhabited a particular area.What limit the numbers of similar varieties?

• Competition for specific concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

• The presence of an excessive number of autotrophs

• he presence of a disease that attacks birds with similar beaks

• Competition for the same type of food

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The image shows a food web in a Florida ecosystem, with arrows pointing to the consumer. A new organism moves into the ecosystem. Its major food source is the pine borer.

Which animals in the food web will form a competitive relationship with the new organism?

• squirrel and salamander

• kinglet and fox

• fox and hawk

• salamander and kinglet

Read the passage above then answer this question:

If the human population increases, what will happen to the northern spotted owl population?

• It will increase as humans will form a mutualistic relationship with the northern spotted owls.

• It will decrease as humans will compete for the same food sources used by the northern spotted owls.

• It will increase as humans will make newer forests with more open space for the northern spotted owls.

• It will decrease as humans will cut down the old-growth forests that are used for nesting sites by the northern spotted owls.

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