F3 SCIENCE Chapter 8 RADIOACTIVITY

The following information shows the discovery from a scientist. Who is the scientist?

• Antoine Henri Becquerel

• Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

• Pierre Curie

• Marie Curie

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Diagram 1 shows a process. This process is known as

• nuclear fission

• radioactive decay

• nuclear fusion

• ionising process

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What is meant by radioactivity?

• The radiation which produces positive or negative ions when crossing the air

• The process of transferring energy to a medium or space which occurs in the form of waves or particles

• The process of a random and spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus by emitting radioactive radiation

• The time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei to reduce to half of its original value

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Radioactive substance Q has a half-life of 9 minutes. What is the time taken for the atom to decay to 1 g if its initial mass is 8g?

• 9 minutes

• 18 minutes

• 27 minutes

• 36 minutes

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The half-life of protactinium-234 is 5.2 hours. If the initial mass of protactinium-234 is 80 g, calculate the mass of protactinium-234 after 15.6 hours.

• 40 g

• 20 g

• 10 g

• 5 g

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Diagram 2 shows the graph of activity against time of radioactive substance X. What is the half-life of radioactive substance X?

• 20 s

• 40 s

• 60 s

• 80 s

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Diagram 3 shows the structure of an atom. What is the charge of P and Q?

• P= Negative ; Q= Positive

• P= Positive ; Q= Negative

• P= Negative ; Q= Neutral

• P= Positive ; Q= Neutral

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Table 1 shows the formation of ion X from iron atom, Fe. Determine the name of ion X and its symbol.

• Iron ion ; Fe²⁺

• Iron ion ; Fe^2-

• Chromium ion ; Cr²⁺

• Chromium ion ; Cr^2-

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Diagram 4 shows the penetration power of radioactive ray. What is the ray?

• X-ray

• Beta ray

• Alpha ray

• Gamma ray

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Gamma rays are rather harmful because gamma rays

• are not deflected in the magnetic field

• are deflected in the magnetic field

• have the highest penetration power

• have the lowest penetration power