Rise of Religious Empires (Islam)

What were the responsibilities of the caliph in the document of "The Ordinances of Government"?

• To conquer non-Muslims, defend the lands of Islam and enforce God's commandments

• To execute judgements & settle disputes, to defend the lands of Islam and to enforce the legal penalties to protect God's commandments

• To defend the lands of Islam, punish Christians through the court system and enforce legal penalties

• To execute judgements & settle disputes, to defend the lands of Islam, and conquer non-Muslims

According to "The Ordinances of Government" document, to create order in Islamic society, the caliph would use which 2 methods: 

• Protection of God's Commandments

• inviting others to accept Islam

• execute judgements of litigants

• Settle disputes between contestants

In America, who is responsible for the tasks layed out in "The Ordinances of Government"?

• the schools

• the church

• the government

• the military

What was the primary motivate behind the implementation of Sharia in Islamic Empires beginning in the 8th century?

• promoting a mechanism for technological change

• guaranteeing a representative for government

• distributing wealth equally among citizens

• uniting the people under common laws and practices

Which claim best uses evidence from the maps to answer the supporting question "What was the geographical extent of the Islamic expansion by the year 750 CE?"

• Claim: Islam had spread into the Americas

• Claim: The duties of the caliph were firmly established

• Claim: The Muslims wages war against other faiths

• Claim: Islam had expanded into Europe and Asia

Why was Mecca a major trading center in the Arabian Peninsula in 570 CE?

• Mecca was the capital of the Byzantine Empire

• it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

• Mecca was located between important land and sea trading routes

• Mecca was an important site for Christian pilgrims.

Nearly three-quarters of the Arabian Peninsula is covered by desert. Most Arabian cities develop around oases, where water trapped underground was pushed to the surface. The trading centers in map 1 are built around oases. Why is this the case?

• Farmers used terrace farming to grow crops in oases.  

• Oases were located directly along the coast of the Red and Arabian Seas.

• Water for drinking, animals and crops could be found in oases.

• Oases often contained large amounts of gold and silver.

During the expansion of Islamic empires between Muhammad’s death in 632 CE and 750 CE. What happened to the territory surrounding the Arabian Peninsula during the Muslim conflict and influence in these centuries? 

• Muslims wanted to protect the Arabian Peninsula from outside invaders.

• Muslims were unable to conquer northern Africa.

• Muslims were able to successfully invade northern Europe.

• Muslims wanted to expand their influence and dominance in this region.

The Crusades began in 1096 as a response to both the push of Islamic Empires into territories controlled by the Byzantine empire and a conflict to control the major cities of the Holy Land. What was the final city the European crusaders took during the first Crusade? 

• Constantinople

• Edessa

• Lyon

• Jerusalem

How did the crusades effect the Muslim world?

• Led to increased power of other religions on the Arabian Peninsula

• Islam was adopted as the official religion of nations in Europe

• Trade declined and the economy fell in the Muslim World

• Led to cultural diffusion between the Europeans and Muslims.