A signaling molecule is known as a

• receptor protein

• ligand

• kinase

• cAMP

Check off all the ways cells communicate with each other over short distances

• through gap junctions

• through the plasmodesmata

• through surface proteins connecting together during cell-to-cell recognition

• through the bloodstream

What ligand is released into the bloodstream by your endocrine glands?

Check off all the things that apply to ion-gated channels

• They bind a ligand and active a G-protein

• They bind a ligand, which causes them to change shape

• The binding of a ligand allows ions to pass through

• Kinases phosphorylate relay proteins

True or False: Signaling cascades amplifies the signal

• True

• False

What is the name of the enzyme that phosphorylates relay proteins during a phosphorylation cascade?

How are kinases activated from their inactive state?

• G proteins phosphorylate them

• cAMP binds to them

• ATP binds to them

• ligand gated channels change their shape

Check off all the things that happen to relay proteins as their phosphorylated by kinases

• they have a phosphate attached to them

• they change shape

• they go from inactive to active

• they stop relaying the message

When this hormone binds to your muscle cell, it causes the muscle cell to break down glycogen into glucose, so that your muscles can use the glucose for the fight or flight response

• adrenaline

• calcium

• growth factor

• apoptosis

When this hormone binds to your cell, it causes it to divide and make more cells

• adrenaline

• calcium

• growth factor

• apoptosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4